![]() Indeed, WMC-related differences were strongest in high-congruent conditions, where goal maintenance was most critical: Lower-WMC subjects committed 50–100% more errors than did higher-WMC subjects on incongruent trials, apparently maintaining less suitable access to goal-relevant information. ![]() Word reading allowed correct responses on most trials, so subjects had to actively maintain goal access in order to respond appropriately to the rare incongruent trials. In contrast, with many congruent trials, goals were not contextually reinforced. With many incongruent trials, the context reinforced the color-naming goal because most trials presented word-color conflict and thus demanded ignoring the words active goal maintenance was thus aided (or supplanted) by environmental support. In the Stroop task, for example, which elicits habit-goal conflict (i.e., word reading versus color naming), Kane and Engle (2003) presented subjects with either many incongruent, mismatching trials (“ BLUE” in red) or many congruent, matching trials (“ RED” in red). Some of the WMC-related variation in attention-task performance seems attributable to individual differences in maintaining sufficient access to the current task goals so that they, rather than habit, control responding (see Kane, Conway et al., 2007). Here, higher-WMC subjects better restrain the habitual response of orienting towards a visual-onset cue than do lower-WMC subjects, allowing them to more successfully act according to the task goal of looking in the opposite direction (e.g., Kane, Bleckley, Conway, & Engle, 2001 Unsworth, Schrock, & Engle, 2004). Some supporting evidence comes from correlations between WMC and simple attention tasks that make limited memory demands, such as the antisaccade task. Pink cites neuroscientific research in positing that regret, often regarded as a negative emotion, can be harnessed to spur positive outcomes.Why does working memory capacity (WMC), as measured by complex memory-span tasks, predict individual differences in fluid cognitive abilities? Attentional theories argue that WMC tasks’ predictive power derives largely from their tapping domain-general, executive-control capabilities, which are also widely important to complex cognition (e.g., Hasher, Lustig, & Zacks, 2007 Kane, Conway, Hambrick, & Engle, 2007). Pink (Riverhead Books, 2022, $30.90, buy here, borrow here). If you like this, read: The Power Of Regret - How Looking Backward Moves Us Forward by Daniel H. ![]() His book is occasionally peppered with jargon that ironically made my mind wander, and his train of thought itself is somewhat meandering.īut it should be required reading for anyone who is interested in how the mind works and to understand meditation in the context of neuroscience, philosophy and psychology. I began doing so months ago, before I picked up this book, on a friend's recommendation and after watching the Netflix documentary, Headspace Guide To Meditation (2021).īar's work helps to explain scientifically why meditation can bring more focus not just in work, but also in other aspects of life, thereby creating a virtuous circle of motivation and positive energy. I can attest to the benefits of at least a five-minute meditation every morning. The act of being present means being "in the moment" and appreciating life as it is without the constant itch to check your phone. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |